7
votes
Accepted
How common is it for boys to masturbate in early childhood (before kindergarten)?
According to one 2010 paper, which actually tried to identify the correlates of the behavior, albeit in a small sample (n=13, 3 males, 10 females) that was referred to a clinic:
The median age at the ...
5
votes
Accepted
Why do most of an average person's UV exposure from the sun occur before the age of 18?
The statistic is false, though there's something meaningful behind it. From Godar et al, 2003:
Since 1986, people have been informed that they get about 80% of their lifetime ultraviolet (UV) dose by ...
- 14.3k
5
votes
Effect of antibiotics on breastfed infant
Breast milk is known to provide many benefits to the newborn and developing infant.
According to 'Bioactive Proteins in Human Milk: Health, Nutrition, and Implications to Infant Formulas.’:
...
- 958
5
votes
Accepted
Effect of antibiotics on breastfed infant
It would appear that breast feeding allows the infant gut flora to rapidly normalize after the course of antibiotics whereas this can be a problem for artificially fed infants who can suffer with post ...
- 13.3k
4
votes
Accepted
What would a nearly-universal list of medical specialties look like
The best way to answer this would depend on your reason for making the list, which I do not know. Also, I am not sure how to create an international list, as specialties within a country are defined ...
- 5,814
4
votes
Why is erythromycin eye ointment required for newborns even if the mother doesn't have any STDs?
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) continues to recommend prophylaxis for all infants:
If gonorrhea is prevalent in the region and prenatal treatment cannot be ensured, or where required by law,...
- 3,334
3
votes
Accepted
What causes a gravelly voice in young children?
As you stipulated no trauma and it has been lifelong, the first link you provided says that it could be down to
Vocal cord paralysis
Patients can be born with a weak vocal cord or develop weakness ...
- 6,236
3
votes
Accepted
Why a dental visit before age 1?
The American Academy of Pediatrics Bright Futures public health initiative has developed a comprehensive assessment of approaches to Promoting Oral Health in infants and children.
The "Promoting ...
- 3,334
3
votes
Accepted
Are there vaccines which present a risk by being re-taken too early?
NB: I'm going to steer clear of addressing the specific scenario and stick to the general case, your friend should of course seek advice from their primary doctor regarding the best thing to do for ...
- 1,291
3
votes
Accepted
How are drugs distinguished between approval for pediatric use and not?
For US FDA approval, for example, drugs approved for pediatric use are drugs that have been studied and to some degree shown safe and effective in children.
However, many trials and often use of ...
- 14.3k
3
votes
Accepted
What is aminorachia?
"Rachi-" is a prefix associated with the spine, as in Rachischisis.
"Amino" is a bit more familiar: it refers to the amino chemical group, or in biomedicine, amino acids.
"Aminorachia" seems to be a ...
- 14.3k
3
votes
When can a newborn with jaundice go out in fresh air?
Newborn jaundice is caused by accumulation of bilirubin (hyperbilirubinaemia) due (usually) to breakdown of fetal haemoglobin.
From a Cochrane article by Horn et al: Sunlight for the prevention and ...
- 3,414
3
votes
Accepted
How to help my dyslexic daughter to not get frustrated while reading
Words like them and the are quite similar, which makes things more difficult for a child with dyslexia since they sometimes opt to just analyse part of the word and guess the entire word based on the ...
- 146
3
votes
Accepted
How do I determine a target time frame for breastfeeding?
The question implies that breastfeeding is an unpleasant and inconvenient thing that should be put up with as long as possible to give a baby "enough" benefit, at which time the box can be ticked and ...
- 3,979
3
votes
Accepted
Do infected family members need to be treated with antibiotics at the same time?
In some cases, antibiotics are given to close contacts
Bacterial meningitis is an example of an infection which antibitics would be given to close contacts of someone suffering from a confirmed case, ...
- 701
2
votes
Should a toddler drink milk if has congestion?
The following is for adults:
Relationship between milk intake and mucus production in adult volunteers challenged with rhinovirus-2.
(PubMed):
In individuals inoculated with the common cold virus,...
- 15.9k
2
votes
How do I determine a target time frame for breastfeeding?
The evidence for a specific timeframe beyond six months is inconclusive. Therefore: When to wean is a personal choice that has to look at the health of both: mother and child. "Individual infants must ...
- 6,918
2
votes
"Children are not the drivers of the covid-19 pandemic / closing schools is an ineffective policy": sources, backup?
In the scientific discourse around Covid-19, I haven't seen statements that "the role of children and schools in the covid-19 epidemic is small". What I've seen is statements that "the role of ...
- 2,055
2
votes
What would a nearly-universal list of medical specialties look like
To elaborate from a UK perspective, especially regarding two of the comments:
Genera Practitioner is not a “basic level” kind of Doctor in the UK. It has a separate specialist training programme, run ...
- 21
2
votes
Do infected family members need to be treated with antibiotics at the same time?
Each person needs to be treated on their own merits except in the situation as described in bertieb's answer where you have a highly virulent and potentially lethal infection. And then there's the ...
- 13.3k
2
votes
Accepted
Meaning of "lower limit of normal + 20% over basal value" in a description of a blood lactate analysis (after glucose load)
I received an answer from Rudolf Korinthenberg (University of Freiburg), one of the authors:
The normal value for serum lactate is 0.5 – 2.2 mmol/l. We have measured this repeatedly and found all the ...
1
vote
Accepted
Administration of Covid Vaccine for Small Children in the EU
This site seems to give a reasonable overview:
https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/human-regulatory/overview/public-health-threats/coronavirus-disease-covid-19/covid-19-latest-updates
On 10th May the review ...
- 129
1
vote
Controlled experiments on neonatal/infant salt intake/supplementation?
After posting this, I did a lot more research and I was finally able to find some publications with controlled experiments on Na+ neonatal/infant intake, mostly in animals of course, with a few human ...
- 121
1
vote
Accepted
What are the criteria to decide revascularization vs apexification in a young permanent tooth with necrosed pulp?
I got the answer from my professor, though it's nowhere given on the net.
Apexification is done in cases where there is 2-2/3rd root canal length is remaining and the root canal apex is convergent.
...
- 1,045
Only top scored, non community-wiki answers of a minimum length are eligible