8
votes
Accepted
Will reading in dim light damage my eyes?
Short answer
The consensus is that sub-optimal lighting does not permanently damage the eye.
Background
Sub-optimal lighting can create a sensation of having difficulty in focusing. It also decreases ...
- 393
6
votes
What's the difference between etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, pathophysiology and epidemiology?
Since the OP is asking for definitions, maybe it is OK to be nitpicky.
Pathogenesis is the process by which harm has occurred.
Pathology is the study of harm, including the study of pathogenesis.
...
- 191
6
votes
Accepted
Unsaturated fat and inflammation
TL;DR
No, you don't need to favor saturated fats in the hopes that if you do suffer from acute pancreatitis in the future, the overall harm will be slightly less severe. Your supporting links all ...
- 431
5
votes
Accepted
What kind of inflammation is caused by diabetes?
As @anongoodnurse pointed out, a pre-inflammatory state is present before T2D develops. Most of the patients of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus are obese. They may have dyslipidemia wherein sub-acute chronic ...
- 642
4
votes
Why do herpes virus infections (apart from chicken pox) resolve without dermatological sequelae?
I apologize in advance, a lot of the papers referenced may be paywalled.
There's a lot of literature on the various Herpesviridae and it is a large pleotropic family, producing such viruses as ...
- 3,101
4
votes
Pathophysiology of bronchiolitis vs. bronchitis
The reason the distinction if confusing, is because while both terms appear to be referring to inflammation of a particular anatomical / histologic structure, in reality, most clinicians use "...
- 3,080
4
votes
Accepted
Advanced lung cancer spreading areas
First, what are metastases? The exact definition of metastases is more and more debated in the last decades (for an excellent review see the review by Welch, 2006), mainly because the advances in ...
- 3,194
4
votes
What is the intuition behind diagnosis of Hyponatremia?
I am a first year medical student and my textbook of biochemistry under the heading of sodium under the section minerals barely touched upon hyponatremia...
You are too impatient, everything will ...
- 431
4
votes
Accepted
Reason for different blood glucose values in left and right hand
I'm not aware that capillary blood glucose levels have been systematically examined but interstitial fluid glucose levels in one study using a Freestyle Libre Pro appeared to show higher levels in the ...
- 13.2k
3
votes
Best books for understanding pathophysiology
I really liked the pathology textbook Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. I own the massive book, and it's pretty well written and not difficult to read, given that you have the science ...
- 5,784
2
votes
Why nephrotic syndrome does not present with haematuria?
If you remember the structure of the glomerulus there are three barriers that regulate the filtration process: the first barrier is endothelial cells which has spaces between them that allow the ...
- 156
2
votes
What is the difference between lipohyalinosis and microatheroma?
As the name suggests, a microatheroma is a small atheroma. An artheroma is what's commonly known as a plaque. It's a mass on the interior wall of arteries:
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary....
- 9,743
1
vote
Why the FDA-approved drug label for sofosbuvir mentions "Without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis" as indication?
TL;DR: No, decompensated cirrhosis is not a contraindication.
However, the safety and efficacy of Sovaldi have not been established in patients with decompensated cirrhosis:
Hepatic Impairment
No ...
- 9,743
1
vote
Accepted
Are there diseases which are contagious but can also arise simultaneously in an individual?
Yes, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease is an example.
In Creutzfeldt–Jakob, a spontaneous misfolding of a protein in the brain gives rise to a prion. A prion is a misfolded protein that is able to 'transmit' ...
- 238
1
vote
What's the resson the skin looks bluish when having cyanosis?
The skin of a caucasian-skinned person with cyanosis is described as bluish, but it is still more reddish than blue. The bluish jumps out at us in comparison with healthy well-oxygenated blood.
The ...
- 345
1
vote
Does skeletal muscle injury cause hypertrophy or atrophy?
The answer is hypertrophy, but if the injury is disabling, then it will lead to muscle atrophy due to disuse. Note that body builders lift weight until causing minor injury.
https://www.unm.edu/~...
- 196
1
vote
Accepted
Afterload during Cardiac failure?
Short answer: When treating cardiac insufficiency the key focus is increasing stroke volume. To do this we don't just decrease afterload but we also lower preload and sometimes increase contractility.
...
1
vote
Is it right to say that any syncope is a result of low perfusion to brain?
Yes.
The definition of syncope is exactly that, hypo-perfusion in the brain. This is usually caused by a sudden drop in blood pressure such as in a vaso-vagal syncope where a strong vagal response ...
Only top scored, non community-wiki answers of a minimum length are eligible