New answers tagged covid-19
2
From an article in JAMA
When the [Pfizer and Moderna] vaccines were first tested, a relatively weak immune reaction was found within a few weeks after people received the first dose of vaccine, followed by a strong reaction when a second dose was given.
Multiple doses are not uncommon in vaccinations. Shingrix, a shingles vaccination is also two dose, as ...
1
According to the summary of one study:
Of 2,581 COVID-19 patients studied, 95 percent of patients regained their sense of smell within six months, according to the study in the Journal of Internal Medicine.
The study appears to be this one (on patients from continental Europe) and it has more details even its abstract:
A total of 328 patients (24.1%) did ...
6
Alas (Pangoling/COG-UK) base letterings don't stand for location. And neither do the numbers following them stand for directly identifiable mutations except for the "with E484K" designators. Those directly stand for specific mutations relative to the first-identified/original variant. As Wikipedia explains
The name of the mutation, E484K, refers ...
9
The full details are quite complicated, but this nomenclature defines SARS-CoV-2 variants by a lineage depending on which variant they are descended from.
A dynamic nomenclature proposal for SARS-CoV-2 to assist genomic
epidemiology
Andrew Rambaut, Edward C. Holmes, Verity Hill, Áine O’Toole, JT McCrone, Chris Ruis, Louis du Plessis, Oliver G. Pybus
This ...
0
The total number of variant cases reported in each state is off by a factor of about fifty-fold because at most only 2% of samples are run through Genomic testing.
US COVID-19 Cases Caused by Variants
To get a much more accurate guesstimate we can take the total number of cases for the last month and multiply this by the Variant Proportions in the U.S
For ...
3
San Marino is, from an epidemiology perspective, effectively a city in Italy. It's also quite small (just over 30,000 people), and the total number of deaths there from your source is 80. This is a tiny sample compared to the other countries on that list.
Italy is also quite high on that list. ~175 deaths vs ~237 deaths per 100,000 is certainly in the same ...
0
Well, it turns out I was wrong: The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine's Phase 3 trials have not been completed: US Government listing of the trials. They will not be over before 2023...
The FDA approval requirements/process is summarized as follows:
An Investigational New Drug application
Pre-licensure vaccine clinical trials
A Biologics License Application (BLA)
...
1
Bryan is correct, especially in his comment in the case of 0% true/prior prevalence
40/1000 = 4% positive. 1-2/40 = 2.5-5%.
But even in such a conditioned test scenario, in which the 2nd test is only applied to the positive-reporting sample of the first test, a decent test (e.g. 90% sensitivity, 95% specificity) will actually converge pretty quickly (i.e. &...
2
Based on provisional data, yes, the death rate among vaccine recipients is much lower than that of non-recipients. But this kind of raw comparison leaves out important details, as I'll mention at the end of this post.
It's not too hard to run the numbers here. Your quote says that from 2020/12/14 through 2021/03/15, there were 1913 deaths. I went to this ...
0
Liam Goldstein pointed me to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) in the United States.
https://vaers.hhs.gov/faq.html#collapse17:
Healthcare providers [in the United States] are required to report to VAERS the following adverse events after COVID-19 vaccination [under Emergency Use Authorization (EUA)], and other adverse events if later ...
2
This general-audience article from Children's Hospital of Philadelphia gives a good overview of reasons to believe that long-term side effects are unlikely. To summarize its two main points:
Previous vaccine research and development has found that most side effects occur within about two months. The FDA approval process for COVID vaccines required the ...
0
One more tracker for COVID-19 trials: https://covid19.trackvaccines.org/trials-vaccines-by-country/ (mirror).
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You can use Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) (camera and laser sheet) to get a 2D image of velocity vector fields which show the velocity of plastic microbeads (whose size is known beforehand) to measure how long they remain suspended in the air. You can set up the experiment to measure the settling times for different sized microparticles. You cannot use (...
4
The ratio of false positives to true positives (as well as overall "accuracy") is a function of the underlying rate in the population.
Let's imagine you have a test that has 95% specificity. Specificity is the number of negatives that you correctly identify as negative. If you test 1000 negative samples with a 95% specificity test, you will find 95%...
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