11
votes
Accepted
Is it beneficial to keep using fluorised toothpaste after prolonged use?
Fluoride can be absorbed into the teeth and form fluoroapatite only in children up to 6-8 years of age (WebMD).
Later, fluoride from toothpaste may still be helpful, because it stimulates the ...
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8
votes
How does exercise improve health?
Exercise does seem to have beneficial effects in treating and preventing many chronic diseases. As far as mechanism is concerned, we should probably narrow the scope:
Question:
What is the ...
- 3,178
7
votes
Ritalin/Concerta/Methylphenidate is an amphetamine?
The Adderall vs. Ritalin page on Rx List gives the answer.
Both Adderall (amphetamine and dextroamphetamine) and Ritalin (methylphenidate) are central nervous system stimulants used to treat ...
- 6,236
6
votes
Accepted
Citrate vs EDTA
I'm not familiar with using citrate or EDTA as an anticoagulant in medical care (i.e. as a drug). However, it is often used in blood sampling tubes so that the blood sample does not clot.
As to ...
6
votes
What does "partial pressure" mean in the setting of arterial CO₂?
You’re right that gases (including carbon dioxide) are mainly transported in solution. As you say, dissolved gasses do not exert a pressure. Your intuition about what partial pressure means in this ...
- 3,414
5
votes
Accepted
Biochemistry of (tap water) iontophoresis?
Tap‐water iontophoresis (TWI) using direct current (DC) is considered by some to be the most effective therapy in palmoplantar hyperhidrosis, although it is debated that botulinum toxin injections may ...
- 6,236
5
votes
Is it beneficial to keep using fluorised toothpaste after prolonged use?
The main protective effect of fluoride is outside the tooth, not inside.
Small amounts of fluoride in solution around the tooth inhibit
demineralization more effectively than incorporated ...
- 804
5
votes
How does one determine which textbook to start with when wanting to build knowledge in medical sciences?
Examples of books from four basic "pre-clinical" subjects:
Anatomy: Sobotta Atlas of Human Anatomy (entire book, page by page)
Biology: Goodman: Medical Cell Biology (Google preview)
Biochemistry: ...
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4
votes
Accepted
Patches of Partial Albinism
The website you linked to refers to piebaldism as "partial albinism". Piebaldism is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by pathogenic variants of the KIT gene.
This is a ...
- 3,334
4
votes
Accepted
Why are antidepressants used to treat OCD?
There's a lot of overlap between OCD and other anxiety disorders, which are also treated with antidepressants, and possibly depression as well (which itself often overlaps with anxiety). Some papers ...
- 14.3k
4
votes
Accepted
Ritalin/Concerta/Methylphenidate is an amphetamine?
I agree that the regulation is worded inappropriately, and that methylphenidate is not an amphetamine. However, I would like to provide a more thorough answer than "rxlist.com says so". We'...
- 156
4
votes
Accepted
How reliable is the determination method of reference ranges for blood tests?
Question: How reliable is the determination method of reference ranges for blood tests?
Short answer: The tests for which you can find different reference ranges may not be unreliable because of ...
- 15.9k
4
votes
What is the intuition behind diagnosis of Hyponatremia?
I am a first year medical student and my textbook of biochemistry under the heading of sodium under the section minerals barely touched upon hyponatremia...
You are too impatient, everything will ...
- 431
3
votes
What limits the VO2 (rate of oxygen consumption) in individuals?
I found a paper the relevance of which you can see by its very title: Central cardiovascular system limits to aerobic capacity:
According to this paper, the main limiting factor indeed is cardiac ...
- 397
3
votes
Accepted
Why basal metabolic rate is increased under high environmental temperature?
Is it true that human basal metabolic rate increases under high
temperatures? If so, why does this happen? What are the underlying
biological processes that are activated in very warm climates?
This ...
- 949
3
votes
Accepted
How does one determine which textbook to start with when wanting to build knowledge in medical sciences?
Medicine is challenging for many reasons. One major reason is that it takes multiple tiers of knowledge as a foundation prior to being able to even start studying the fundamentals.
This is how it ...
- 5,814
3
votes
Chlorophyll supplements: metabolism of chlorophyll in the human body and proof for resulting health benefits?
According to WebMD (evidence from Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database), there seems to be lack of convincing evidence to claim that chlorophyll supplements help to treat pain, cancer, infections ...
- 15.9k
3
votes
Biochemistry of (tap water) iontophoresis?
After some more research it looks like the answers to these questions are indeed still unknown. A recent 2018 article on Proposed mechanism of action of tap water iontophoresis for treatment of ...
- 286
3
votes
Accepted
What is the specific mechanism for ketoacidosis in Diabetes Mellitus?
The pathogenesis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
Below is a summary of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) from this source:
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute, major, life-threatening
complication ...
- 3,414
2
votes
Adding an essential oil to WHO Handrub Formulation
The WHO formulae are tested formulations against micro-organisms. You don't mention whether you have hydrogen peroxide but that is added to kill microbial spores that have contaminated your anti-...
- 13.3k
2
votes
Accepted
Linkage between Fatty Acid Metabolism and Ketone body metabolism
Why do we need ketone bodies?
The main role of ketone bodies is to serve as a fuel (mainly for the brain) when there are not enough dietary carbohydrates available (during a low-carbohydrate diet or ...
- 15.9k
2
votes
Why does a rise in cAMP potentiate PGI2?
Basically, the signal transduction pathway of PGI2 involves a Gs protein. This Gs protein involves the increase in cAMP (through adenylate cyclase; I am assuming you know the signal transduction ...
- 453
2
votes
Accepted
Meaning of "Depletion of methyl-donor pool glycine, serine, and histidine" in a review article
THF (Tetrahydrofolate) is the active form of folic acid. THF serves as an acceptor and donor of one carbon units and acts as a coenzyme in such reactions. One carbon metabolism helps in the synthesis ...
- 642
1
vote
Why doesn't dissolved gas in blood come out of solution?
I think you're kind of on track, but I'd explain it a different way. Similar to this Q&A: Why doesn't water enter the venous system if injury happens far underwater? I think the main principle ...
- 14.3k
1
vote
What does "partial pressure" mean in the setting of arterial CO₂?
Ooh, this is an interesting question. I'll try to go over each of your questions one by one here.
I believe that all the CO2 in the blood are dissolved in plasma. I think this is true because if it ...
- 111
1
vote
Sensitization and Energy Crisis in Myofascial Pain Syndrome
A chain of events that leads to release of sensitizing substances, according to
Dry needling — peripheral and central considerations (PubMed Central, 2011):
...muscle pain would cause spasm of ...
- 15.9k
Only top scored, non community-wiki answers of a minimum length are eligible