Questions tagged [covid-19]
Describes the clinical disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus
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Why is the flu more deadly to children than COVID-19?
Or better framed: Why are children not developing as severe reactions from COVID when they tend to fare much worse from seasonal flu?
Is the answer something along the lines of: Those that don't die ...
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Why *exactly* are mRNA covid vaccines delivered intramuscularly?
I would like to understand what exact processes make intramuscular injection of particularly mRNA covid vaccines the best delivery option. I've asked doctors and googled, but I get contradictory ...
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Why does there seem to be such a big difference in covid case mortality between the USA and Europe?
At the time of writing (11 July 2020) the USA have almost 3.2 million confirmed cases of coronavirus infections, while Europe has slightly over 1.8 million with the USA passing Europe around 10 May ...
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What's the fastest COVID-19 test available?
This video 1 minute COVID-19 test talks about a 1 minute COVID-19 testing which isn't available to the public yet. In the market and online, you can find fast COVID-19 tests which deliver the result ...
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What are the effects of repeated sub-infective doses of coronavirus?
There are experimental records and clinical observations showing that exposure to sub-infective doses of some pathogens can result in enhanced immunity to infection when exposed to an infective dose ...
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Does prior COVID infection increase or decrease mortality on COVID reinfection?
One recent large scale study found that a prior COVID infection doubles your risk of dying when you later catch a subsequent COVID infection.
This study followed 5 million people in the Veterans ...
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Do mutations occur while growing virus for preparing inactivated viral vaccine?
The development of mutations in virus is reported to happen during replication, especially for an mRNA type virus like SARS-COV-2
Viruses that encode their genome in RNA, such as SARS-CoV-2, HIV and
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What cells and how many of those are infected and destroyed as a result of COVID-19 vaccine?
My understanding is that cells modified by COVID-19 vaccines will eventually get killed by immune system. Do we know what cells are usually targeted by vaccines and how many of those get killed as a ...
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Is there any data on herbal supplements interfering with the efficacy of vaccination?
Here's an excerpt from a paper published in "Journal of Inflammation Research" by Dove Press for a popular and controversial herbal supplement from India:
Coronil effectively inhibited the ...
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How are two-dose vaccine schedules developed?
How are vaccination schedules determined for multi-dose vaccines? That is, are several different schedules tested in an early-phase trial? Or do the developers of a vaccine choose a schedule (based on ...
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Why does the Pfizer vaccine need storage at -70C but Moderna's only needs -20C, when they are both mRNA vaccines?
It's been widely reported in the press that Pfizer's vaccine needs storage at -70C but Moderna's only needs -20C. Why is this so, when they are both mRNA vaccines?
There's actually a looong article in ...
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Does being outdoors but in close proximity to someone make a difference in Covid-19 transmission?
In a recent news article I've read that
Outdoor haircuts were allowed in California from Tuesday, under new rules announced by the mayor, but indoor salons remain shut.
Is this kind of rule/...
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Why does the world-wide COVID-19 death rate appear to be constant?
Total confirmed COVID-19 deaths per million people
One would normally expect the total deaths to be growing exponentially (going viral) or to be damping down and approaching a constant (zero new ...
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What is a sophisticated estimate of the 2019-nCoV fatality rate?
I've read through this Q&A:
Is the mortality rate of 2019-nCoV 41%?
My understanding from reading that Q&A is that in the early phase of an outbreak, there are two naive ways to estimate ...
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Are there any covid-19 vaccine side effects that can't be gained from a covid infection?
Some side effects from a covid vaccine are caused by the patient's immune system's response to the vaccine - for example myocarditis (source 1, source 2) - which will therefore also occur from a covid ...
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What do we know about Long Covid and Omicron?
Longer term covid symptoms/sequalia ("Long covid") tentatively seem to be attributed to the virus playing havoc with bodily organs, the bloodstream, perhaps the immune system, and so on. Its ...
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COVID-19: Natural infection compared to vaccination
It is often stated that getting infected gives a lesser immunological protection from covid, than a vaccine, but studying immunology.org - I'm getting the feeling that the immunization is merely more ...
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Are false negative/positive results of COVID tests independent probabilistic events?
The gist of it
Though there are many types of Covid tests, I think none have 100% sensitivity or specificity. What I would like to know is if the event of getting, e.g., a false negative on two tests ...
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Are there adverse health risks to taking multiple COVID vaccines?
Not counting the intended double dose of the 2-dose vaccines such as Moderna and Pfizer.
I can imagine this in several instances. Say someone threw away their vaccine card after the second shot, and ...
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Why does the Pfizer’s Covid vaccine cause more intense intense symptoms after second shot then after the first shot?
cnbc.com (mirror) mentions:
The FDA says Pfizer’s Covid vaccine is safe and effective. But trial participants warn of intense symptoms after second shot.
Why does the Pfizer’s Covid vaccine cause ...
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Why isn't the mRNA in covid-19 vaccines taken up by all types of cells?
I'm familiar with the basic principles by which the moderna/pfizer vaccines work. I'm confused about how the vaccines are able to make sure that mRNA is only taken up by dendritic cells. If mRNA is ...
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Are there any educated guesses related to the type and probability of severe side effects caused by the COVID-19 vaccines?
Multiple countries have already started the COVID-19 vaccination.
Local media covered this extensively and I saw that many medical doctors and researchers arguing that the vaccines are very safe ...
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Why do we seemingly not know how COVID will behave during winter, when it was winter in much of the world?
(Not sure if this is the right SE for this question)
Why COVID Outbreaks Could Worsen This Winter
Baker has tried to tease apart the effect of climate on the seasonal pattern of cases during the ...
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What does "pause" mean in Covid19 Vaccine Clinical Trials?
Johnson and Johnson as well as Astra Zeneca recently announced that they were going to "pause" in their respective clinical trials for a Covid19 vaccine.
What exactly are they "pausing&...
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What is the definition and significance of administration of "Compassionate Use Drug"?
There seems to be some conflict about the use of "Compassionate Drug Authorizations".
Does the request and use of such a drug indicate that a patient is in extreme danger?
Barkground:
The ...
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Is it true that half of the COVID-19 patients, even seemingly without symptoms, obtain serious heart damage?
In this video, complex systems expert and physicist-turned-epidemiologist Yaneer Bar-Yam claims that according to recent findings, about half of the people that have been infected with COVID-19 will ...
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Is Covid-19 spread by exhaled cigarette smoke?
Here in the Basel, Switzerland area there are mask mandates when shopping or taking public transit. Yet every day when I walk to or from the train station, I see dozens of people smoking outside the ...
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Would a vaccine made for humans work on animals who can get the same virus?
Recently it has been reported some dogs and cats getting covid-19. This doesnt seem to be so common I suppose, since we only hear about a few cases but I'm assuming they can transmit the virus anyway. ...
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What happens to a disposable FFP2/N95 respirator during the prolonged use?
Background
The area I live in has a regulation that people should wear PPE when visiting grocery stores, etc. There is a shortage of PPE. I have access to some non-reusable FFP2-class respirators that ...
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Have cases of Covid-19 virus "reactivation" been noticed in countries besides China and South Korea?
April 10 news:
South Korean officials on Friday reported 91 patients thought cleared of the new coronavirus had tested positive again. [...]
Jeong Eun-kyeong, director of the Korea Centers for ...
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What clinical presentations are you seeing in Covid-19?
Many of us have yet to see a case. What is your personal experience?
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The estimated number of COVID-19 infected cases vs the actual number of cases in China stabilizing
The number of cases in China is reportedly stabilizing due to drastic measures taken by its government as the following figure (from [1]) shows. On the other hand, based on the value of R0, Marc ...
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Comparitive exposure to spike protein between mRNA vaccines and an actual Covid infection
Do we have any data or estimation regarding the relative spike protein exposure between an mRNA vaccine and an actual Covid infection?
This is a complicated question.
Assume two identical humans are ...
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Useful indices in epidemiology for assesing the performance of a country in Covid19 pandemic
In my dataset I have daily observations of Covid19 data for many countries. More specifically, I have daily observations about:
new_cases (New confirmed cases of COVID-19. Counts can include probable ...
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Covid may cause brain to degenerate three times faster than normal?
I found this study on GB News: Covid may cause brain to degenerate three times faster than normal, Oxford study suggests
After reading the article I still have a few questions. I found the study ...
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Cardiovascular complications associated with COVID 19 by vaccination status and, if vaccinated, by type
I apologize if this is an obvious question. I think I am not finding research on this because I am asking the question wrong in literature searches. I am far outside my normal area of academic ...
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What percent of deaths caused by influenza list no other comorbidities on the death certificate?
You may remember the bit of covid misinformation that circulated awhile ago saying that only 6% of the official covid death numbers were actually due to covid https://www.factcheck.org/2020/09/cdc-did-...
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Moderna vs Pfizer booster
What published studies exist to support the choice of Moderna or Pfizer booster? The only study I could very quickly find is below. The study seems a bit preliminary, exactly as it says on the tin. I ...
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How do the viral loads of vaccinated and unvaccinated asymptomatic, and symptomatic individuals differ for COVID-19?
I'm searching for information regarding the above question, but I seem to keep finding conflicting information. Some articles say that asymptomatic people have higher viral loads than symptomatic ...
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For how long does one test positive for COVID-19 after being infected with COVID-19?
I read on https://www.thehealthy.com/infectious-disease/how-long-can-you-test-positive-for-covid/ (mirror):
According to the CDC, you can test positive up to three months after exposure even though ...
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Is there any ground to delaying the second dose of of the mRNA covid-19 vaccine to reduce the risk of myocarditis?
Is there and could there be any benefit to delaying the second dose of the mRNA Pfizer covid-19 vaccine when it comes to reducing the risk of myocarditis associated with the vaccine?
I'm quite sure ...
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Do covid vaccines increase the risk of antibody-dependent enhancement?
A QAnon video which takes Nobel Prize winner Luc Montagnier's suspect claims about covid vaccination and multiplies them beyond recognition states that mass vaccination will lead to mass ADE, and that ...
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Why do some vaccines cause flu-like symptoms? Why does this seem to be more severe in mRNA vaccines?
Flu like symptoms are noted as possible reactions on nearly every vaccine I've had since adolescence, but I've never actually seen these symptoms in myself or anyone, until now? I don't doubt that ...
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Will there be any error in the result if the sample taken for COVID-19 RT PCR test is kept for days before performing the test?
What would be the impact of keeping the sample (nose swab) for 5 days before performing RT-PCR on it? If no, then is there a particular way of storing the sample.
Is there any standard set by the ...
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What are the "theoretical risks" of COVID vaccines in mothers
In Germany, there is no official endorsement of COVID mRNA vaccines for pregnant women and nursing mothers due to a lack of study data. Still, professional societies generally recommend considering ...
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How does the thrombosis risk of COVID compare to that of the vaccines?
There was some news, possibly based on this paper, that the risk of thrombosis caused by COVID-19 is supposedly 10 times higher than that of "vaccination". To me this conclusion seems flawed ...
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Why do the COVID vaccines not cause the body's immune system to over-react?
It was my understanding that the reason why some people suffered serious effects from a COVID19 infection is that their immune system over-reacted to the disease, causing havoc all over. Why doesn't ...
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By what mechanism did Sweden have a second wave of COVID-19?
I have often heard the theory that the waves in, for example, the UK, were caused by a harsh lockdown, followed by a release that kicked off the second wave. To my knowledge, Sweden did not relax its ...
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How well are the covid-19 vaccines doing in the field?
By now, millions of people have been given the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines in the US, and the same is true for those and other vaccines in many other countries. I have not found in the media any news ...
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CDC COVID Vaccine Administration Time Series Data?
For context, in the past the CDC has published time series data of COVID case counts by State: https://healthdata.gov/dataset/united-states-covid-19-cases-and-deaths-state-over-time
Now, CDC are ...
