How to disinfect your laundry

Question

Clothing can probably spread fungal infections (e.g. athlete's foot) from person to person.

There's not a lot of evidence that clothing can spread bacterial infections. But Bloomfield et al. quote Gebel et al., who write: "Absence of definite evidence for a health hazard is not equivalent to evidence of absence of risk."

So, indeed, as Bloomfield et al. write, you might want to sanitize your laundry in certain situations. For example:

• if it's full of feces, vomit, or blood, or
• if someone in the home has a fungal infection (e.g. athlete's foot), or
• if you encounter certain other circumstances.

How can you disinfect your laundry?

Edit: COVID addendum

COVID is spread mainly by close contact between people, not through contaminated clothing or any other contaminated object.

Nevertheless, when washing a COVID patient's laundry, it's probably a reasonable precaution to add some activated oxygen bleach. Please see below.

Answer 1

A scholarly report discusses the matter

Some years ago, a scholarly report was published. The report's "Appendix A" discusses, among other things, how to clean your laundry if there's a risk that it may be somewhat contagious.

The advice given

The report advises:

• Whenever you do laundry, add some activated oxygen bleach (AOB).
  • Notes: You can use standalone AOB, or a detergent with AOB included. This link discusses your options. In the US, Tide powder is one good choice. Certain products are probably not good disinfectants, including Tide liquid, Tide pods, and OxiClean.
• If possible, also do laundry at 140 °F (60 °C).
  • Note: This may shrink and/or destroy certain items. (Source.) Read their care labels.
• Use the regular cycle. Don't enable "quick wash", "water saving", or any other environmentally-friendly options.
• Make sure each item goes through the rinse and spin cycles at least twice. Preferably three times.
• It's best to wash items belonging to the infected family member in separate loads from everyone else's laundry.
• If you can also dry the items in sunlight, this is an extra bonus.
• The report also gives other advice; please see here.

Water temperature

In some countries (including the US and certain others), if you want to wash clothing at 140 °F (60 °C), there's a problem.

An article on the Bottom Line Inc. website states that, in these countries,

household water heaters typically are set to 120 °F [50 °C] to minimize the risk of scalding.

The article suggests three possible workarounds.

• One (dangerous) workaround would be to raise your water heater's temperature to 140 °F (60 °C). But this is a dangerously-high setting. (Source.) It may also be illegal in your jurisdiction. (Source.) Water at 120 °F (50 °C) takes 5-10 minutes to cause a third-degree burn; but water at 140 °F (60 °C) takes just 3-5 seconds. (Source.) Third-degree burns sometimes kill people. (Source.) Maybe I should email the Bottom Line Inc. and suggest that they revise their article.

• Another workaround might be to pour a kettleful of boiling water into your top-loading washer shortly before it's finished filling.

• A third workaround is to use a washing machine with a water-temperature-boosting feature, "such as the Whirlpool Front-Load Washer with Deep-Clean Steam, model #WFW86HEBW, which can get the water up to 150 °F [65 °C]".