The CDC has a great website on cleanup after mold. Also, this is a simple pamphlet. The degree of decontamination needed depends on the item and the extent of the mold. Whether something needs to be thrown out depends on multiple factors. There is too long a list to give a full discussion here, but the fundamentals include:
- Bleach can kill spores. Some clothing can be bleached. Nonporous surfaces can be scrubbed with bleach. Carpets cannot, drywall cannot, generally furniture cannot.
- Not everything requires bleach, like clothing/sheets can generally be washed on heavy cycle with detergent in very hot water.
- If mold did not directly grow on an item, sometimes it can be cleaned in other ways, so read about the specific circumstances. E.g. furniture steam cleaning or shampooing can be successful, depending on degree of mold.
- When handling items contaminated with significant amounts of mold, or in a mold-damaged area of the house, wear a respirator mask capable of filtering mold spores (N95) and other protective equipment so that you don't contaminate other areas.
Mold has known deleterious health effects, so especially if you have allergies to mold, make sure you do read the CDC recommendations if you've experienced mold problems. Spores can be transported to a new location and grow there if it encounters favorable circumstances (damp rooms, leaking roof, etc).